The Role of Faith-Based Counseling in Fostering Mental Health Resilience among Widows in ACK Kianjogu Parish, Kiambu County

Abstract

Widowhood is associated with emotional, psychological, social, and economic challenges that can affect adjustment after bereavement. This study examined, from a practical-theological perspective, the role of faith-based counseling in supporting mental health resilience among widows in ACK Kianjogu Parish, Kiambu County. The study sought to identify the emotional and psychological challenges experienced by widows, describe the faith-based counseling practices provided through the Mothers’ Union and clergy, assess the perceived contribution of these practices to mental health resilience, and identify gaps and strategies for strengthening parish counseling. This study is guided by two main theories that explain the relationship between faith-based counseling and mental health resilience among widows: Resilience Theory and the Pastoral Care Model. A descriptive research design adopting a convergent mixed methods approach was used. A census of 40 participants was undertaken, comprising 30 registered widows, 5 clergy members, and 5 Mothers’ Union leaders. Quantitative data were obtained from the widows using an eight-item faith-based resilience scale, while qualitative data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and document review. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and the two strands were integrated during interpretation. The findings indicated that widows experienced grief, loneliness, social pressures, and economic strain. Participants described prayer, Scripture, empathetic listening, fellowship, and peer support as important resources for coping, hope, and belonging. The study also identified limited professional counseling training, inadequate privacy, weak follow-up, stigma, and limited referral mechanisms. The findings therefore indicate a perceived association between participation in faith-based counseling and resilience-related outcomes, but the descriptive cross-sectional design does not establish causation. The study recommends a structured pastoral counseling model that combines spiritual care with counselor training, confidentiality, safeguarding, supervision, referral, and sustained follow-up.