Effectiveness of counseling programs in addressing suicide among young people: a case of Butere County hospital, Kakamega County, Kenya

Abstract

This research study investigates the effectiveness of counseling programs in addressing suicide among young people of age 13–45 years in Butere County Hospital in Kakamega County, Kenya. Although there is no local study defining “young people” exactly as ages 13–45, several Kenyan studies cover overlapping age bands. For example, students aged 15–43 are included in studies of suicidal ideation. Studies of completed suicides report median ages in the mid-30s and ranges from the late teens into older adulthood. Therefore, defining “young people” as ages 13–45 is consistent with and extends slightly beyond current usage, allowing capture of both adolescent and adult risk periods. The main objective is to assess the effectiveness of counselling programs in addressing suicide among young people in Butere County Hospital, Kakamega County, Kenya. Specific objectives of the study were: to establish the nature of counseling programs offered in Butere County Hospital; to establish the causes of suicide among young people in Butere County Hospital; to evaluate the effectiveness of counseling programs in addressing suicide among the young people in Butere County Hospital; and lastly, to verify sustainable interventions to mitigate suicide among young people in Butere County Hospital. For data collection, the study employed a mixed-method approach. Closed-ended questions were designed to collect quantitative data, while the open-ended questions collected qualitative data and the research was conducted in an ethical manner. The focus is not only on the youth but also on young adults aged 13 to 45 years and involved 60 participants. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data analysis. The findings revealed that a majority of the respondents (71.7%) had either received counseling themselves or knew someone who had. Counseling was reported to be beneficial, with 60% of participants noting a reduction in suicidal thoughts, 55% experiencing improved mental health, and 50% developing better coping mechanisms such as journaling and sharing with peers. However, only 23.3% of respondents felt that counseling had strengthened their support systems, suggesting a need for more community and family involvement. The main causes of suicide among young people identified in the study were: depression, substance abuse, family conflicts, and economic stress. The study concluded that while counseling programs at Butere County Hospital are effective in reducing suicidal ideation and enhancing coping skills among young people, they require strengthening through increased follow-up care, awareness campaigns, and community-based support systems. Recommendations include expanding program outreach, improving resource allocation, and integrating digital and anonymous support platforms to enhance access. The study suggests further research on the long-term impact of counseling and innovative ways to improve engagement with young people at risk. These findings are significant for policymakers, mental health practitioners, and community leaders seeking to reduce youth suicide in rural Kenyan settings